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Until comparatively recently, there has been little attempt to produce a detailed study of the architectural make-up of multi-roomed mastaba tombs and the implications of these observations for understanding the ways in which this type of tomb was really used. No thorough and comprehensive investigation has ever been dedicated to the building techniques, materials and design of mastabas or, indeed, who built them. ''The Architecture of Mastaba Tombs'' considers the architectural components of tomb design that made an ideal burial and explores different aspects of the design and construction of mastabas in the late Old Kingdom (c. 2375 - 2181 BC). It focuses on a group of multi-roomed mastabas in the Unas Cemetery at Saqqara that can be characterised by their complex design and large size. This includes an appraisal of tombs within this cemetery and examines the layout and development of the cemetery from the reign of King Unas, at the end of the 5th Dynasty. Specific attention is paid to the techniques that were used to build tombs via the recording of masonry and examination of specific architectural elements within different monuments. Features such as doorways and the security of the tomb and other aspects, for example the provision of storage space for the maintenance of the mortuary cult, are all considered. The study utilises published sources and survey work carried out by the author. Finally, this study addresses the imbalance of data collection within the recording of Old Kingdom mastabas.Contents:Introduction1. The Unas Cemetery1.1. Introduction1.2. Gazetteer of Tombs in the Unas Cemetery2. Sources of Stone at Saqqara2.1. Pyramid Cemeteries2.2. Geology2.2.1. Limestone Quarries in Egypt2.2.2. Likely Sources of Limestone at Saqqara2.3. Delivery Routes of Building Materials2.4. Archaeological Observations Relating to Masonry Materials2.4.1. Imitation of White Stone2.4.2. Imitation of Stone2.4.3. Imitation of Organic Material Using Stone2.5. Acquisition of Stone3. Masonry in Tombs at Saqqara3.1. Introduction3.2. Masonry Classification3.2.1. Masonry by Cross-Section: Freestanding Walls within Mastabas3.2.2. Surface Appearance3.3. Masonry Techniques at Saqqara4. Roofing4.1. Introduction4.1.1. Roofing in the Tomb of Mehu4.1.2. Roofing in the Tomb of Seshseshet Idut4.1.3. Roofing in the Tomb of Niankhba4.1.4. Roofing in the Tomb of Mitri4.1.5. Summary5. Doorways5.1. Introduction5.2. Doors from Old Kingdom Tombs5.3. Representations of Doors in the Old Kingdom5.4. Doors within Tombs5.5. Fastening Doors5.6. A Survey of Doorways Within the Unas Cemetery5.6.1. The Tomb of Kairer5.6.2. The Tomb of Khenut5.6.3. The Tomb of Nebet5.6.4. The Tomb of Seshseshet Idut5.6.5. The Tomb of Iynefert5.6.6. The Tomb of Nebkauhor5.6.7. The Tomb of Mehu5.6.8. The Tomb of Ptahshepses Impy5.7. Other Memphite Tombs5.7.1. The Tomb of Mereruka5.7.2. The Tomb of Kagemni5.7.3. The Tomb of Khentika5.7.4. The Tomb of Ankhmahor5.7.5. The Tomb of Debehen5.8. Doorkeepers6. Courtyards, Columned Halls and Storerooms6.1. Courtyards and Columned Halls6.2. Storerooms for the Mortuary Cult6.3. Storerooms in Pyramid Temples6.4. Tombs with Five Storerooms6.4.1. The Tomb of Nebet6.4.2. The Tomb of Nebkauhor6.4.3. The Tomb of Kagemni6.4.4. The Tomb of Mereruka6.4.5.The Tomb of Ptahhotep (LS31)6.5. Tombs with Less than Five Storerooms6.5.1. The Tomb of Khentika6.5.2. The Tomb of Seshseshet Idut6.5.3. The Tomb of Kairer6.5.4. The Tomb of Akhethotep and Ptahhotep (D 64)6.6. Storerooms Adjacent to Offering-RoomsSynopsisBibliography